Launched by the African Union in 2007, the Great Green Wall aims to restore degraded land, fight desertification, and improve food security and climate resilience across 22 countries from Senegal to Djibouti. Its goals include restoring 100 million hectares, sequestering 250 million tons of carbon, and creating 10 million green jobs by 2030. The initiative explicitly links ecological restoration with social stability and is a governance experiment requiring unprecedented coordination across sovereign states around a shared ecosystem. It is also a test of whether global climate finance can actually reach the communities on the frontline of climate disruption.

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